preceded 【解決方法Q&A/疑問攻略/ブログ】
Q&A：precededについて? 解決方法/評価
・どなたか英語の得意な方、この文章を訳して頂けませんか？お願いします。The case can be made (and has been bysome detractors) that the Japanese are "anderhanded agent of culture plagiarism" and Japanesepop is profoundly derivative of Western, and pariculary America, mass entertainment forms. It is impossible to deny, of course, that Japanese filmmakers were inspired by the Hollywood masters who preceded them, that Tokyo fashion designers learned the basics of baute couture from Paris and Milan.・「An escape sequence is a character preceded by a backslash and has special meaning to the compiler.」訳してください。・和訳をお願いします！Working with colleagues at Duke, M.I.T.'s Laboratory for Human and Machine Haptics (also known as the Touch Lab) and the State University of New York Health Science Center, Nicolelis implanted electrodes into the sections of the monkeys' brains in which the planning and execution of arm movements takes place. When the brain instructs the body to make a motion, it fires off electric signals well before any action actually takes place; in other words, the body lags slightly behind the brain's intention to act. In effect, the brain warms up for an impending movement by directing specific clusters of neurons to fire, just as you might warm up your car's engine by pumping the gas pedal. Nicolelis and his colleagues monitored the monkeys' brain signals as they warmed up for various tasks, like reaching for food, and isolated the signals that preceded the movements. Then they routed the monkeys' brain signals through a computer. As a monkey started to grasp for food, the computer picked up the neural traffic and forwarded it to a robotic arm called the Phantom. When the monkey extended its arm, the Phantom, using the neural signals from the monkey, precisely mimicked the action. Nicolelis even transmitted the brain signals over the Internet to the Touch Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts, so the monkey's neural commands operated another Phantom 965 km away.・英文を和訳してみました。長文で恐縮ですが、添削をお願いいたします！【英文】Prior human efforts have made over natural conditions.As they originally existed they were indifferent to human endeavors.Every domesticated plant and animal, every tool, every utensil, every appliance, every manufactured article, every aesthetic decoration, every work of art means a transformation of conditions once hostile or indifferent to characteristic human activities into friendly and favoring conditions. Because the activities of children to-day are controlled by these selected and charged stimuli, children are able to traverse in a short lifetime what the race has needed slow, tortured ages to attain.The dice have been loaded by all the successes which have preceded.【拙訳】過去の人間の努力は、自然状態を作り出した。自然状態がはじめに存在したとき、それは人間の努力に無関心だった。あらゆる栽培植物や家畜、道具、台所用品、電化器具、製品、美しい装飾、芸術作品は、特徴的な人間の行動に対する敵意や無関心状態を、親しみやすく好ましい状態に一度に変化させることを意味した。今日の子どもの行動は、これらの選ばれた有料の刺激によって制限されるので、子どもたちは、彼らの人種がゆっくりと必要とし、苦痛に満ちた時代で獲得してきたものを短い生涯の中で横断することができる。その結果、先行するすべての成功によって、ゆがめられてきた。～traverse in a short lifetime what the race has needed slow, tortured ages to attainのところの文法がよくわかりません…。また、２行目の２つのtheyはどちらも「natural conditions」を指しているのでしょうか？添削とともに、このようなことも教えていただければ嬉しいです！お手数ですがよろしくお願いいたします！・Just as we eventually gave up the demand that all automobiles be preceded by a human on foot waving a warning flag,we might eventually let these robots do more of the actual surgery.を和訳してください。お願いします。・長文英語の翻訳を手伝ってください。The recent launch in the USA of one cologne for men,named after basketball star MJ ,was preceded by a flood of TV commercials and talk show appearances by the player to create plenty of excitement and hype.長文が苦手です。大まかな翻訳はできましたが、細かいところの修正をお願いします。部分点で点数を引かれたくないので、完璧な翻訳にしたいです。香水メーカーの話です。MJ＝マイケル・ジョーダン「バスケットボールのスター選手マイケル・ジョーダンにちなんで名付けられた香水のアメリカ発売に着手して先行し、多くの興奮と誇大広告を生み出すようにCMやトークショーで登場しました。」・( )に入る単語はなんでしょうか？２回続けての質問ですがお願いします!!１ EcoReserve, an ecotourism program/nature reserve recently launched in Malaysia,is looking for volunteers to work in various forest ( ) and ecotourism activities.(A)cnnsistence(B)contradiction(C)consequence(D)conservation２ Previous experience working in the outdoors is ( ).(A)preferred(B)preceded(C)preferring(D)preceding・和訳がわかりません。勉強は、中学以来やっていません。中学を卒業してから12年たった今、英語を勉強し直しています。The Vegetable Orchestra has been playing with its food for 10 years, delighting audiences from Belfast to Hong Kong with its self-made cucumberphones, celery bongos, pepper trumpets and leek violins."The concept might make people smile, but our group is unique because of its range and seriousness," said one of its members, Tamara Wilhelm.With around 200 performances under its belt, the one-of-a-kind orchestra just celebrated its 10th anniversary with a concept at Vienna's prestigious RadioKulturhaus before embarking on a tour of France and Germany."The idea started off as a kind of joke, a challenge," said founding member Joerg Piringer ."But we quickly realized something more ambitious was possible."With backgrounds in music, architecture, design, plastic arts and video, the orchestra's musicians created a unique world combining vegetables and technology."We make what you could call electronic organic music," Wilhelm said."Without technology, especially without sophisticated microphones and amplifiers, our music could not exist.""On stage, we play live without any pre-recorded effects, so our concerts still feel like artistic performances."The result is a unique, mostly percussive, sound, where the rustling of leeks, the banging of aubergines, the squeaking of cucumbers and the crackling of cabbage leaves combine to create hypnotic melodies somewhere between techno music and whale song.Making vegetables sing is a lengthy process.Each performance is preceded by a visit to the local market to purchase the freshest roots, bulbs and stems.よろしくお願いします。・TOEICの文法の問題（2問）です。（１）Bruce's students ( ) won dozens of medals at local tournaments over the years.A: hasB: haveC: wereD: didという問題です。won が過去分詞形で、さらに主語が複数形なので、私は、答えはBだと考えました。（２）It was a great shame but the team didn't play as well as we ( ) they would.A: preventedB: preparedC: predictedD: precededという問題です。選択肢の意味から、一番適するのは「予測する」という意味のあるCが答えにふさわしいと思いました。私の答えが合っているかどうか、間違っていたら正しい答えを教えてください。よろしくお願いします。・――で囲まれてる部分の和訳お願いします（＞－＜；）People did not weep at the humiliating news that our geome has only about twise as many genes as a worm's. Nothing had been hung on the number100,000,which was just a bad guess. But the human genome project and the decades of research that preceded it did force a much more nuanced understanding of how genes work. In the early days,scientists detailed how genes encode the various proteins that make up the cells in our bodies. Their more sophisticated and ultimately more satisfying discovery that gene expression can be modified by experience has been gradually emerging since 1980s. ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――Only now is it dawning on scientists what a big and general idea it implies:that learning itself consists of nothing more than switching genes on and off. The more we lift the lid on the genome,the more vulnerable to experience genes appear to be.―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― This is the a new understanding of fundamental building blocks of life based on the discovery that genes are not immutable things handed down from our parents like Moses'stone tablets but are active participants in our lives,designed to take their cues from everything that happens to us from the moment of our conception.長くてすみません；；――で囲まれた部分のitが表すものとかwhatの用法とか：以下のthatの用法が特にわかりません。どなたか助けてください。
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